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The Economics of Reclaimed Water in Austin

5/26/2026

 
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Reclaimed water line photo by Jeffrey Parkinson
In This Story…

• The best strategy to make reclaimed water use more economic and widespread is to build lines to the largest customers.  About 10% of Austin’s total water in 2023 was consumed by 3 microchip factories and 30 large commercial/multifamily customers near existing and proposed lines to these factories.

• Microchip factories, which require ultrapure water, have successfully used reclaimed water in both the U.S. and Singapore.

Turning Purple to Green

In 2023, about 7% of Austin’s wastewater was purified and resold as reclaimed water.  If all of the remaining wastewater in Austin could be treated to a high-quality standard and reused, it would supply the needs of an additional 764,000 people at 2023 per capita level of consumption.  The impediment to expanding Austin’s reclaimed water system is not potential.  It is cost.  

It is expensive to lay a completely new purple-pipe network to a section of the utility service territory.

Austin’s reclaimed system is in fact subsidized by the ratepayers, and is not considered a profit maker.  The question of economics for the system to operate at less cost, or even make a profit, revolves around finding enough customers in a designated area to justify expansion.

Austin’s Mysterious Reclaimed Water Footprint

The current and future footprint for Austin’s reclaimed water system is somewhat mysterious to people who do not work for the utility.  The publicly-available map of the system showing the areas where current service exists and future service is intended has not been updated since 2015.  This author’s attempts to obtain more current maps were met with frustration.  

This gap in public information makes it difficult for conservationists, journalists, and members of the general public to responsibly analyze potential expansion of the reclaimed system.  

In order to come up with a scenario that makes economic sense required overlaying the dated 2015 map of reclaimed water lines with the reclaimed system’s current customers and overlaying it again with Austin’s largest customers.  This allows some estimates of system expansion to be made.

In the scenario below, Austin’s largest Industrial customers become magnet destination points, with some of the City’s largest Commercial and Multifamily customers located near the pipelines between the wastewater plants and the destination points.
Industrial Magnets
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Nattapol_Sritongcom/Shutterstock.com
Microchip wafer fabrication plants are ravenously thirsty.  Austin has four of them: Samsung in Northeast Austin; two operated by NXP (one in East Austin, and one in Southwest Austin); and one operated by Cypress Semiconductor (now owned by Infineon) in Southeast Austin near Bergstrom Airport.  In 2023, the 3 fabs near existing or planned reclaimed water lines collectively used 3.2 billion gallons, 7.2% of total Austin consumption, enough for 70,000 people at Austin’s 2023 level of consumption.

Two of the fabs, NXP-East and Cypress, are within one-third of a mile of existing reclaimed water lines.  Samsung, Austin’s single largest water user, has a proposed reclaimed water line running directly behind its location.
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How much reclaimed water these companies can use is uncertain.  Chip factories require ultrapure water, so pure that they must upgrade potable water supplied by the utility to a much higher standard.  How much more money would be required to upgrade reclaimed water to this same ultrapure standard is unknown.  The three corporations contacted for this article would not comment, and Austin Water has done no investigations of the potential.

However, in Singapore, reclaimed water is provided to wafer fabs as a premium product.  It is also supplied to Intel’s manufacturing facilities in Chandler, AZ.   So there is obviously precedent for its use.  

In 2023, Austin’s reclaimed water was sold to Austin customers at a 35% discount compared to industrial rates for potable water.  This provides financial incentive for investigation of its potential to provide some or most consumption at these plants.

Serving Customers Along the Way

In 2023, 16 of Austin’s largest Commercial customers were close to existing or planned reclaimed water lines.  The biggest consumer was the Tesla manufacturing plant off of Highway 130 in East Austin.  Other larger commercial customers include: the City of Austin district chilling stations; Data Foundry (a data storage center); Applied Materials (a microchip and electronics display engineering company); and downtown office buildings and hotels.

The large commercial customers located within a mile of existing or planned reclaimed water lines consumed about 900 million gallons in 2023, about 1.9% of Austin’s total consumption, enough for 19,500 people at Austin’s 2023 level of consumption.

Apartment complexes also often use huge volumes of water for landscapes.  In 2023, there were 14 multifamily consumers located within a mile of these water lines that consumed 406 million gallons, about 1% of Austin’s total consumption, enough for 9,000 people at Austin’s 2023 level of consumption.
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The proposed 12-mile reclaimed water line expansion (red) to the Samsung wafer fab (orange) has several large Commercial (green) or Multifamily (black) customers on the route. Existing reclaimed water lines are shown in black.
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Map of two of Austin’s wafer fabs (orange) near existing reclaimed water lines and other large Commercial (green) and Multifamily (black) customers. Proposed line expansion is shown in red and existing reclaimed water lines are shown in black.
It takes years to build out a system like the one described here.  By the time a megadrought hits our region, it will be too late to implement this as an emergency strategy.  A very public discussion needs to take place now to determine its feasibility.

Among the things discussed is why the utility, with all of its personnel talent and brain power, has waited for environmental advocates to make this proposal.
Tell Austin to Reclaim Water!

This article is the second of a two-part series on Reclaimed Water. CLICK HERE for Part One of the series. 

Paul Robbins is an environmental activist and consumer advocate living in Austin.  He has been Editor of the 
Austin Environmental Directory, a sourcebook of green issues, products, services, and organizations, since 1995.

Speak Up for Texas Water & Austin’s Riverfront

5/19/2026

 
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In This Issue: 
  1. Stop the City Council From Paving Over the Dog’s Head
  2. City Council Commits to Fossil Fuels Behind Closed Doors
  3. Rain to River: A Better Vision for Austin’s Watersheds
  4. Speak Up for Texas Water: Comment on the Draft 2027 State Water Plan

 
Stop the City Council From Paving Over the Dog’s Head
Speak Out Against Items 38, 39, and 60 on 5/21 Agenda

The proposed Dog’s Head Development Agreement (DA) affects 2,614 acres of land on the shores of one of the most pristine and biodiverse sections of the Colorado River, the free-flowing stretch renowned for its exceptional water quality and relatively limited urban development. Despite the ecological significance of this area, the City Manager has put forward an agreement that includes virtually no meaningful environmental protections, while offering the developer property and sales tax breaks.

This deal was negotiated behind closed doors, with no public input or oversight, bypassing review by the Planning Commission, Environmental Commission, or any other relevant board. The draft of the agreement was quietly posted late Friday afternoon, giving the public minimal time to review it ahead of a City Council vote scheduled for Thursday. If approved, the Development Agreement is irreversible and will govern development of the area for the next 45 years. Help demand these items be postponed and sent to the Boards and Commission for review! 

Here are some of the known problems:
  1. No Development Limits: The agreement allows nearly unrestricted development—no limits on impervious cover, height, setbacks, or floor-to-area ratio. With minimal open space required and 100% impervious cover permitted on the remaining area, the agreement would permit 2,401 acres of pavement, worsening flooding, pollution, and heat island effects.
  2. Floodplain and Water Quality Risks: Unlimited floodplain modifications are allowed, and the Critical Water Quality Zone (CWQZ) for the Colorado River is reduced to 200 feet, permitting development like roads and golf cart trails within the CWQZ. This increases erosion, disrupts water flow, and removes vegetation that protects against flooding and pollution.
  3. No Cut-and-Fill Limits: This agreement would exempt the property from cut-and-fill regulations that are intended to limit changes to natural topography to control erosion and flooding.
  4. Code Variances Without Oversight: The Director of Development Services, in his sole discretion, would be given authority to approve any variances to any city regulations (environmental, transportation, parkland) without public hearings or City Council votes.
  5. Risky Water Quality Ponds: Old mining ponds will be used for water quality treatment, which could introduce legacy pollutants without proper oversight.
  6. Developer Control for 45 Years: The developer has veto power over City Council decisions affecting the property for 45 years. The agreement can only be amended with the developer’s consent, but they can terminate it unilaterally if tax breaks aren’t granted.
  7. Broad Zoning Uses: Almost all zoning uses are allowed, including industrial manufacturing, car dealerships, marinas, and outdoor entertainment venues. Large-scale tech uses like data centers? It’s possible.
  8. Environmental Injustice: The project worsens environmental injustices in nearby neighborhoods, offering little benefit while increasing harm, despite using public tax dollars for infrastructure.
  9. Tax Breaks for Developers: The city must create a tax increment reinvestment zone (TIRZ), diverting property and sales tax revenue from public services to fund the developer’s infrastructure. The area is misleadingly labeled “blighted” so the developers can qualify for these tax breaks.

TAKE ACTION TODAY

Email City Council (or sign up to speak HERE) and demand that the City Council POSTPONE Items 38, 39, and 60, send them through the boards and commissions process, especially the Environmental Commission. If this were truly a good deal for Austin, it can withhold public review.

20260521-038, Agenda Backup: Draft Agreement, PDF, 1.2 MB, posted 5/15/2026
20260521-038, Agenda Backup: Exhibits, PDF, 7.7 MB, posted 5/15/2026
20260521-038, Agenda Backup: Recommendation for Action, PDF, 121 KB, posted 5/15/2026

This item must be postponed immediately and sent through the Environmental Commission and full public review process before Council takes any action. Please spread the word, and speak out before Thursday’s vote.

 
Austin’s Rain to River Plan Adoption Provides Sharp Contrast to Dog’s Head Paving PlanItem 45 on the Austin City Council’s Thursday agenda calls for adoption of the City Watershed Protection Department’s Rain to River Strategic Plan.  SOS wholeheartedly supports the Rain to River plan.  We hope the City Council will not only vote to adopt it but use it and follow it. If it did, Endeavor’s Dog’s Head deal would not be on the table. The cognitive dissonance could scarcely be greater. 

Here’s one key part of the Watershed Department’s plan:
“What We Will Do: We’re committed to making our environmental and drainage standards clear, consistent, and enforceable. By improving how we work together and share expectations, we will reduce uncertainty while holding projects accountable for meeting watershed protection goals. This work prioritizes transparency and responsibility so that development supports the health, safety, and resilience of our community.”
Imagine a world where the City Council actually followed through on these same commitments. Alas, the Council’s moral and environmental compass is either lost, broken, sold, or discarded. And yet, here it is!! Hiding in plain sight.

Thank you to all of the Watershed Protection staff and community members who put such hard, thoughtful work into this process.

 
City Council Commits to Fossil Fuels Behind Closed DoorsFor Item 7 on the 5/21 Council Meeting, Austin Energy will be attempting to get the City Council to vote on potentially a billion-dollars worth of investment in natural gas peakers, behind closed doors, in Executive Session. Our friends at Public Citizen and other environmental organizations are speaking out, and we wanted to make sure to share the information. 

In an obvious attempt to bypass transparency and public oversight on a decision that would result in a de facto abandonment of the City’s carbon-free by 2035 goal, this closed-door meeting allows the City and Austin Energy to negotiate directly with unnamed companies for unspecified quantities of gas turbines, without going through a competitive purchasing process. 

Under the Energy Resource, Generation, and Climate Protection Plan to 2035 (2035 Plan), Austin Energy is required to issue an RFP to openly evaluate all available power generation, including renewable energy and battery storage. Importantly, Austin Energy must test whether carbon-free sources can meet the same reliability needs before pursuing gas peakers. Yet, without publishing the results of the RFP or any of the alternative generation analysis, Austin Energy now seeks Council approval for closed-door negotiations to pursue natural gas peakers. This abrupt reversal of requiring a transparent and competitive process by Austin Energy undermines the cornerstone of the 2035 Plan: “Community collaboration fosters transparency.” 

What is at stake is Austin’s climate future. Natural gas peakers (even new and more efficient models) are an environmentally harmful solution, as they perpetuate reliance on fossil fuels that emit greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane, contributing to climate change. Adding more peakers to the grid will only result in more emissions. And because natural gas peakers typically operate during periods of high demand, their emissions align with times of peak air pollution, exacerbating environmental and public health issues. 
Tell City Council and Austin Energy to follow the 2035 Plan and focus on carbon-free options already available instead of rushing into buying gas peakers without giving the clean energy path an opportunity to succeed. 

TAKE ACTION
Speak at City Council this Thursday, May 21stWhere: Austin City Hall, 301 W. 2nd Street, Council Chambers
When: Meeting begins at 10:00 AM; AGAINST Agenda Item 7 (Regular Meeting) (Sign up to speak online HERE before noon on Wednesday or at City Hall before 8 am on Thursday).   

Sign Up to Speak at Council
 
Help Shape the Future of Texas WaterTexas Water Development Board Is Planning for Massive Groundwater ExpansionThe Draft 2027 State Water Plan lays out a future shaped by massive groundwater pumping, new pipelines, desalination plants, aquifer storage schemes, and explosive demand from sprawling development and data centers. State officials are projecting nearly $174 billion in future water infrastructure needs, and rural Texas aquifers are squarely in the crosshairs.

The Texas Water Development Board is accepting public comment right now, and this may be one of the few opportunities ordinary Texans have to get concerns on the record before these projects move from paper to reality.

If you care about your well, our creeks, our springs, our wildlife, or the future of water in Texas, now is the time to speak while it can still make a difference.

Bring Your Voice to the Water BoardAttend the public hearing on May 27, submit comments before May 29, and tell state officials that Texas water is not an unlimited commodity to be pumped, piped, and sold off without consequence. The people driving these projects are counting on silence, fatigue, and the assumption that nobody is paying attention. Let’s show them we are paying attention. 

Public Hearing on the Draft 2027 State Water Plan
May 27, 2026, 1:00 PM
Stephen F Austin Bldg, 1700 N Congress Ave or virtually via Teams Meeting (Meeting ID: 280 904 566 316 4; Passcode: fp9Lk2bs. Audio access only: 512-298-6360; phone conference ID: 508 590 523#)
Written comments accepted through May 29, 2026

Make Your Voice Heard 

 
There's rumbles of big storms gathering across Central Texas, with forecasts showing anywhere from 2-6 inches of rain over the next week. After years of drought, heat, and watching our springs struggle, we  welcome it. Let’s hope it comes in sheets, sinks deep into the ground, fills our creeks, and cools the soil and trees.

And while the skies open up, we need people to show up too.

This week’s City Council agenda contains decisions with consequences that would last generations. If you can attend, speak, write Council, or help spread the word, now is the time. Public pressure and presence matters, and we've seen it make a difference time and again. 

In Solidarity,
SOS Alliance

Council Decision on AI Tax Incentives & What's Next for Fighting MoPac

5/12/2026

 
In This Issue: 
  1. Austin City Council Approves New Incentives, Including Data Centers and AI Companies
  2. What's Next for MoPac: 8,000 Comments and Expert Reports Submitted
  3. Twice Removed: Reclaimed Water in Austin
  4. Hays County: Community Meeting on Darden Hill Road Extension (May 20, 6pm)
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Austin City Council Gives Nod of Approval to New Economic Incentive Agreements, Including Data Centers and AI CompaniesAt their May 7th City Council meeting, the Austin City Council voted (on consent) to approve a resolution that aims to reignite tax incentive agreements to attract businesses to Austin. Sponsored by Kirk Watson (M), Chito Vela (D4), Ryan Alter (D5), and Zo Qadri (D9), the original draft of the resolution praised “enterprise AI and data infrastructure” as an “explosive growth sector” fueled by venture capital. No, this isn’t April Fools Day. The draft of their proposed policy can be read here. 

Their proposed resolution displays a concerning disconnect from ongoing national, state, and local conversations about the well-documented strain data centers are putting on our water, air, and quality of life. It also ignores the recommendations put forth by the Austin Environmental Commission. Just over a month ago, on April 1, 2026 (ironically, actually ON April Fools Day), the Environmental Commission issued a recommendation to the City Council to adopt policies that prioritize sustainability and environmental protection in managing data centers. This included a moratorium on new data centers within Austin city limits—and specifically included a recommendation to prohibit the use of tax incentives to recruit these facilities. 
​

After people noticed the data-center praising language hidden in a separately linked “Exhibit A” to the resolution, the community reacted strongly in opposition. Austinites highlighted the environmental impacts of data centers, along with the troubling intersections between AI, surveillance, and the defense industry. Before the council vote, the resolution was amended to remove explicit references to identification of the “target industries.” But, this change was superficial at best. The revised language does little to walk back the original intent of incentivizing data centers and fails to explicitly rule out the use of taxpayer dollars to recruit them. 

​The City Council should heed the advice of its Environmental Commission and follow up with a resolution adopting their recommendations. The Council’s failure to act on them signals a troubling willingness to compromise Austin’s environmental policies in favor of corporate welfare. 

Speaking of corporate welfare—the decision also opens the door to a larger question: Should Austin return to the practice of issuing economic incentive agreements to recruit businesses to Austin? Prior councils wisely shifted focus away from corporate welfare for large businesses in favor of supporting local workforce development and supporting local businesses and residents. By offering tax breaks and incentives to attract billionaire-backed corporations like data centers, the city risks exacerbating Austin's affordability crisis, giving away our water for resource extraction, and eroding the quality of life for its residents.

Instead of chasing industries that contribute to environmental degradation and rising costs of living, Austin should double down on policies that promote sustainability, equity, and support for local businesses. The Environmental Commission has already provided a roadmap; it's up to the Council to follow it.

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More than 8,000 public comments slammed into CTRMA’s MoPac South expansion scheme before the May 3rd deadline, the largest response we’ve ever seen for a single public comment period for this project. 
​

Thank you to every single person who took the time to speak up for Barton Springs, the Edwards Aquifer, our parks, wildlife, neighborhoods, and Austin’s future. The message was loud and clear: Austinites are tired of billion-dollar highway boondoggles masquerading as transportation solutions while our water, trees, and public lands are put on the chopping block.

This fight is far from over.
Now CTRMA has to publicly post -- and respond to -- every single comment submitted. Their staff will eventually make a recommendation on how to proceed, likely sometime in fall 2026. Between now and then, we intend to keep the pressure on with a second wave of advocacy, continued oversight, organizing, and public scrutiny.

We are incredibly grateful to the powerhouse team of scientists, engineers, biologists, arborists, and transportation experts who helped dismantle the deeply flawed Draft Environmental Assessment piece by piece:
​
  • WATER QUALITY REPORT by Dr. Lauren Ross, civil and environmental engineer with Glenrose Engineering, exposed major failures in the project’s water quality analysis, including inadequate treatment assumptions and the near-total dismissal of highway-related pollutants including heavy metals, tire dust, and microplastics washing directly into our waterways. She also notes that 272.93 acres associated with the proposed highway expansion receive no water quality treatment prior to discharge; including large areas that drain into Barton and Eanes Creek watersheds. More than 44% of the highway runoff area within these sensitive areas receive no treatment, draining into karst landscapes that flow directly into the aquifer, Barton Springs, and Cold Springs, allowing highway contaminants to directly enter and degrade these sensitive features. 
  • TREE CANOPY REPORT by Sydney Dwoskin, a certified arborist, documented the staggering ecological cost of removing up-to a massive 70 acre swath of urban canopy, including heritage trees and sensitive parkland vegetation already stressed by drought and climate change. The loss of this canopy would cause irreparable harm to ecosystems while exacerbating urban heat island effects. 
  • AIR QUALITY REPORT by Dr. John Zamurs, transportation and air quality expert at Zamurs and Associates, exposed traffic modeling built on stale assumptions, inflated projections, and magical thinking about congestion relief. He explains how the highway expansion will expose residents and students at Austin High School to higher concentrations of air pollutants. Yet, there is no analysis of the environmental health risks of PM2.5, PM10, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), or ozone. His analysis also laid bare the project’s failure to seriously consider transit, climate impacts, or induced demand in the Environmental Assessment.
  • TRAFFIC MODELING by Norm Marshall, President of Smart Mobility and one of the country’s leading transportation planners, showed how the traffic analysis was rigged from the start to justify widening MoPac no matter what the actual data says. His work cuts straight through the smoke and mirrors. He points out that the data used to initially dismiss alternatives is from 2012, and now travel time savings estimated for selected alternatives are significantly less than what was previously assumed (only 5-6 minutes, during rush hour, if you travel all 8 miles).
  • HYDROLOGY and CAVE REPORT by Dr. Nico Hauwert, pioneering hydrogeologist and one of Central Texas’ foremost experts on karst systems and dye tracing, detailed the enormous risks to the Edwards Aquifer, caves, recharge features, and groundwater flow systems that make Barton Springs possible in the first place. The expansion would increase impervious surfaces, leading to greater runoff of pollutants such as heavy metals, petroleum hydrocarbons, and sediment into the aquifer.
  • SALAMANDER REPORT by Crystal Datri, conservation biologist and salamander expert, documented the serious threats posed to endangered salamanders that live within these fragile underground ecosystems. The EA very much downplays these federally protected species. She emphasizes that the Draft EA fails to propose sufficient mitigation measures that relate to the actual taking of the species, making its conclusion of "No Significant Impacts" scientifically indefensible.
Together, these reports paint the real and devastating picture that this project threatens some of our favorite natural areas in Austin, including Barton Springs. If continued as planned, it would risk endangered species habitat, along with air quality, public health, and Austin’s climate goals, all while relying on outdated traffic data and a deeply biased review process designed to avoid a full Environmental Impact Statement.

What about the TPIA lawsuit? 
Our Texas Public Information Act lawsuit is already producing results. CTRMA is now cooperating and has stated they intend to provide the records and attachments we requested. We are waiting for them to fully come through on that commitment, and we expect another update within the next week.

Transparency matters. Especially when billions of bond dollars and irreplaceable environmental resources are on the line.

Help SOS Keep the Pressure On
Your donation helps pay for independent science, legal action, expert review, public education, records requests, and the relentless watchdog work needed to protect Barton Springs, the Edwards Aquifer, Zilker Park, and Austin’s future from a disastrous highway expansion project that should never have made it this far. Please chip in today and help us fund the next phase of this fight.
SUPPORT THE MOPAC RESISTANCE

Hays County:  Speak Up Against Darden Hill Road Extension
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map courtesy of savedardenhill.com
Have you heard about the Darden Hill Road extension? It’s yet another controversial road project, championed by Hays County Commissioner Walt Smith, that will accelerate unsustainable growth in the already water-scarce Onion Creek watershed. 
If approved, it would turn Darden Hill Rd. into a segment in the broader “Dripping Springs Bypass,” diverting US 290 highway traffic from RM 1826 to the western side of Dripping Springs and paving the way for increased development in extremely environmentally sensitive areas. ​

Local opposition is growing. Nearly 500 residents have already signed a petition organized by the group at savedardenhill.com, voicing concerns about safety, noise, and environmental impacts. If you want to learn more or make your voice heard, there’s an important meeting on May 20th at 6pm, Twisted X Brewing (23455 W RR 150, Dripping Springs, TX) hosted by County Judge Ruben Becerra, who is stepping in to help address community concerns. ​
SIGN THE DARDEN HILL PETITION HERE

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Reclaimed Water: A Missed Opportunity Austin Can’t Afford

Water conservation is on the brain as always--and for good reason. As pressure on local supplies grows despite the May rain respite, the question of how we manage every drop becomes increasingly urgent. 
SOS guest writer and water watchdog, Paul Robbins, takes us into the tried-and-true possibilities of reclaimed water, what other drought-stricken regions are doing right, and how those practices might be understood, adapted, and emulated here in Austin.
READ MORE ABOUT RECLAIMED WATER AND TAKE ACTION

Thank you for staying engaged with our current work, from highways to data center industry to purple pipes and back again. We know it’s a lot, and we appreciate you taking the time to be in it with us. Meanwhile, the spring weather is spring-ing, and we hope you’re finding time outside; on the greenbelt, at the springs, or doing cartwheels into your favorite patch of wildflowers.

We’re glad you’re here.

In Solidarity,
SOS Alliance

Twice Removed; Reclaimed Water

5/11/2026

 
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Purple pipe supply line at Austin Bergstrom International Airport • Photo by Paul Robbins
In This Story…

• Reclaimed water is wastewater treated to a high standard and reused for both potable and non-potable purposes.  Some states and cities have made tremendous efforts to use this resource. 

• Nevada, Arizona, and Florida reclaim at least 50% of their wastewater.  San Antonio reclaims 17% of its wastewater.  The El Paso water utility is building the first direct wastewater-to-tap water treatment plant in the country.

• Austin, which considers itself a leader in water conservation, reclaimed less than 7% of its water in 2023.  If all of Austin’s remaining wastewater in 2023 were reclaimed to drinking water standards, it would provide for 764,000 more people.

A recently published story on water supply in Central Texas explained that acute water shortages could afflict our region in as little as 15 years.  New approaches to protecting water supplies are no longer a luxury. They are a prerequisite.

In addition to demand-side conservation and replacing old water pipes, another valuable strategy is reclaimed water.

In several states in the U.S., it is quite common to treat large percentages of wastewater as a resource.  In the arid state of Nevada, 85% of its wastewater is reclaimed.  In Florida, it is 55%.  Significant percentages of wastewater are also reclaimed in: Arizona, 52%; California, 22%; and New Mexico, 18%.  

Often the water is used directly in a dedicated reclaimed water utility constructed with purple pipe, so that it is not mistaken for potable water (drinking-water) pipes.  Reclaimed water is used for landscape irrigation, cooling towers for air conditioning in large buildings and electric power plants, industrial manufacturing, and toilet flushing.  

Other times, water is upgraded to an even higher standard, and used to replenish reservoirs and aquifers.  It is also used for crop irrigation.  And a trend is beginning to use advanced water treatment technology to upgrade wastewater directly into potable water, with some of the first plants of this kind in the U.S. being built in water-scarce regions of Texas.

The Texas Leaders
Though Texas only recycles about 4% of its wastewater, the state is planning to obtain 14% of its new water supplies from reclaimed water by 2070.

Some Texas cities have emerged as national leaders in reclaimed water use.  

• Big Spring – The spring for which this West Texas city was christened was never big by modern standards.  Even when it was a watering hole for Comanche and Apache Indians, its average daily flow would have only satisfied about 500 Austin-sized homes in 2023.  Due to growth from settlers and railroads, the spring went dry in the mid-1920s.  

This parched city’s water utility built a plant converting its treated and chlorinated sewage to drinking water via microfiltration, reverse osmosis, and ultraviolet-light/hydrogen peroxide disinfection.  When commissioned in 2013, the plant was the first of its kind in the U.S., and provided 40% of the city’s water supply.

The utility typically mixes this water with a different raw water source to reduce the stigma associated with direct use of sewage.  However, it provided undiluted water directly to consumers during a drought in 2014-2015. 

• El Paso – El Paso has three different kinds of reclaimed water production.  

1. Beginning in 1963, its purple pipe utility provided non-potable water for landscapes, cooling towers, street sweeping, fire protection, building construction, and industrial processes.  The system reused about 8% of its 2023 wastewater production.

2. Since 1985, wastewater upgraded to drinking water standards has been used to help recharge the Hueco Wells Aquifer, which provides 38% of the city’s total water supply.  

3. In 2025, the city began construction of the 10 million gallon per day Pure Water Center that will purify wastewater to drinking water, which will go online in 2028.  Its four-step process includes reverse osmosis, followed by an ultraviolet light/hydrogen peroxide disinfection process, followed by carbon-filtration, and finally completed with chlorination.

Unlike the Big Spring plant, it is intended for direct use without dilution from other water sources (another first in the U.S.), and it will process six times as much water.

• Wichita Falls – Since 2017, this city on the Oklahoma border has directed highly treated wastewater to Lake Arrowhead 17 miles away.  The mixture of raw and reclaimed water is then retreated to potable standards.

• San Antonio – San Antonio’s water utility began its reclaimed water system in 1999.  It provides non-potable water to commercial buildings, industries, and CPS Energy power plants for cooling.  In 2024, about 5% of its wastewater was used by individual customers, and 12% was used for power production.

The Austin Experience
To date, Austin Water has not invested as much attention and money in reclaimed water as other utilities with higher-achieving systems.

Austin began using reclaimed water in 1974, when it began to irrigate a golf course with it.  It was also sold as cooling water to Austin Energy’s Sandhill Power Plant in Southeast Austin.  

Austin’s reclaimed water line mileage has doubled between 2011 and 2023, when the system reached about 70 miles in length.  (This compares to the drinking water system over 3,900 miles long.)  If not reclaimed, this treated wastewater would otherwise flow back to the Colorado River.  

In 2023, about 3.3% of Austin’s wastewater was reclaimed for uses including cooling towers for Austin’s district chilling system, landscaping, and non-potable uses at the Mueller Airport redevelopment and Austin’s Bergstrom Airport.  Another 3.3% was used in the wastewater treatment process.

If all of the remaining wastewater in Austin could be treated to a high-quality standard and reused, it would supply the needs of an additional 764,000 people at Austin’s 2023 per capita level of consumption.  This would be equivalent to 67% of the population in Austin Water’s service territory in that year.

If you believe Austin should expand reclaimed water use as a central water supply strategy, write in and let local water policymakers know this matters today. Use the form letter link below to contact the Water and Wastewater Commission and the Water Forward Task Force to encourage smarter, more responsible water management. 
Speak Up Today

Paul Robbins is an environmental activist and consumer advocate living in Austin.  He has been Editor of the Austin Environmental Directory, a sourcebook of green issues, products, services, and organizations, since 1995.

NEXT WEEK: Part 2 – The Economics of Reclaimed Water in Austin

Tell Austin City Council “NO” to TAX BREAKS for Data Centers and Artificial Intelligence

5/5/2026

 
In This Issue: 
  1. City Council Item 24, Thursday: Say "NO" to Incentives for Data Centers and A.I.
  2. Help Save the Barton Springs Bridge: Sign Up by Noon Today
  3. How a Simple Change to Building Codes Could Save Birds’ Lives
  4. THANK YOU! A Massive Outcry Against Proposed MoPac Expansion 
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Illustration courtesy of Wall Street Journal
This Thursday, May 7th, the Austin City Council will vote on Item 24, a resolution that opens the door to economic incentives for data centers and the artificial intelligence industry. We need you at City Hall!

The resolution establishes a “new economic development framework” that names “Data Management & Artificial Intelligence” as one of the ten Target Economic Sectors in Exhibit A, which calls it an “explosive growth sector: three of Austin's four largest-ever venture funding rounds closed in 2025; enterprise AI and data infrastructure.”
If Council passes Item 24 on Thursday, here is what it actually does:
  • Puts tax rebates on the table. Data centers would become eligible for Chapter 380 performance grants, where Austin’s taxpayer dollars would be used to incentivize data centers and AI-backed companies to move here!
  • Turns on a fast lane for permits, immediately. The resolution from the Council directs the City Manager to activate a “permitting concierge service” for any target-sector project already in the development pipeline.
  • Pre-clears land. The City would identify “ready sites” in advance to enable rapid recruitment of data centers and AI-backed companies. 
Austin's Environmental Commission Asked for the Opposite
On April 1, 2026, Austin's Environmental Commission voted 10-0 to adopt Recommendation 20260401-004, urging the City Council to take a coordinated, protective approach to data center development in Central Texas. Among other things, the Commission asked Council to:
  • Prohibit tax breaks and financial incentives for data centers locating in Austin;
  • Invoke a moratorium on all new data centers in the City Limits and the Extraterritorial Jurisdiction, in alignment with bipartisan national calls;
  • Publish the report on "projected environmental impact and resource usage of local data centers over the next ten years" that Council itself directed the City Manager to produce in April 2025;
  • Require Tier II and higher data centers to generate at least 50% of their electricity onsite from renewable sources;
  • Require Data centers to use reclaimed water and direct investment in the City's purple pipe program via a water mitigation fund;
  • Require operational curtailment during declared electrical emergencies;
  • Mandate Council approval for large-load extension requests;
  • Define "data center" in City Code;
  • Require public notice to property owners within one mile of any data center construction site.
Item 24 does none of this. It moves in the opposite direction.
This resolution will pave the way for tax breaks and other incentives for data centers that drink hundreds of thousands of gallons of water a day and pull as much electricity as small cities. This Thursday, we need you at City Hall. Speak for the springs, the grid, and the water.

Here's How to Show Up!
1. Speak at City Council on Thursday, May 7
Where: Austin City Hall, 301 W. 2nd Street, Council Chambers
When: Meeting begins at 10:00 AM; AGAINST Agenda Item #24 (Regular Meeting) (Sign up to speak online before noon on Wednesday or at City Hall before 8 am on Thursday).  Speaker Form Here.  
2. Spread the Word - Send this email to your friends and neighbors that care about Austin’s water and are concerned about the proliferation of data centers locally

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Speak Up for Our Historic Barton Springs Bridge at Austin Environmental Commission Tomorrow
The Austin Environmental Commission will hear a briefing on the proposed demolition and replacement of our historic Barton Springs Bridge tomorrow, Wednesday, evening at 6:00 P.M, at the City's Permitting and Development Center, Room 1405, 6310 WILHELMINA DELCO DRIVE.

To register to speak remotely (on Item 2), sign up before noon today by contacting Nicole Corona (512-974-3146), [email protected]. You may sign up to speak in person at the meeting, before it starts. City staff and contractors continue to say the bridge cannot be repaired, but their own reports show the bridge can be saved for tens of millions of dollars less than tearing it down and replacing it with a giant highway bridge that, if built, will pave Zilker Park land and tear up Barton Creek and riparian habitats. Go to Austin Free Press here for the overview.  

The Commission will also discuss, and hear comments, on the proposed 6 to 8 lane expansion of MoPac South. That is Agenda Item 4.

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How a Simple Change to Building Codes Could Save Birds’ Lives​Millions of birds migrate across Austin’s skies every year. The city is in the heart of the Central Flyway, one of the most important migratory corridors in North America. When developers raise buildings in their path with reflective glass and bright nighttime lighting, birds get disoriented. As a result, building collisions kill an estimated one billion birds each year in the United States. In 2024, the Austin City Council took a step toward addressing the crisis by exploring bird-friendly building designs, but progress stalled when builders objected. Austin could save birds’ lives with simple tweaks to the build code, like patterned or frittered glass that birds can see, shielded outdoor lighting, and reduced nighttime lighting during migration seasons. Our friends at Travis Audubon are encouraging Austin residents to sign a petition to encourage the City Council to act on a bird-friendly ordinance. You can find that petition link below.
Austin's Bird-Friendly Building Initiative

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Austin Singing Resistance along with local activists come together at Barton Springs for song circle and to submit final comments against MoPac South expansion
A Massive Outcry Against Proposed MoPac Expansion -- THANK YOU!
​
​The Austin community flipped the script for the Central Texas Regional Mobility Authority, who claims that its 8.77-mile expansion, with an additional 6-8 lanes over the Edwards Aquifer Recharge Zone, will have “no significant impact” on Austin’s environment. More than 6,000 comments were filed through the Better Mopac Coalition advocacy page, with thousands more submitted directly to CTRMA. The home stretch brought a massive wave of support and joyful resistance. On Sunday, nearly a hundred people gathered at Barton Springs Pool with songs and education led by Singing Resistance Austin, Jade Fusco, Mary Olivar, Matt Dietrichson, and others. It was a strong, spirited close to a 75-day sprint of collective action, grounded in shared purpose and place.

What’s Next?
While the official public comment on CTRMA's draft Environmental Assessment closed at midnight Sunday, the CTRMA Board of Directors will not decide on its next steps until after its staff has prepared responses to public comments and made a recommendation. That will likely be in late summer or this fall. Between now and then, please stay engaged with us and the Better MoPac Coalition and watch for opportunities to speak up.
In the short term, we will share expert reports and summary comments from SOS and the Better MoPac Coalition. More updates to come as the process moves forward. Stay tuned!

In Solidarity and Gratitude, 
SOS Alliance 
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